When fighting criminal charges, your life and your livelihood are on the line. Criminal convictions can result in prison time, jail time, probation, fines, fees, loss of driving privileges, loss of employment opportunities, difficulty securing housing, loss of gun rights, loss of voting rights, and negative stigmas. When facing such life-altering consequences, it is important to make sure you know what options are available to you. We make sure our clients have access to all of the evidence against them and all of the motions filed in their case. Every case is unique and requires individualized attention. Some cases may need motions filed to preclude evidence or statements. Some cases may need intense mitigation presented to the prosecution or the judge to help obtain lower plea offers or better sentences. Some cases may be best fit for community service, probation, mental health treatment, drug rehabilitation, anger management classes, a diversion program. Some case may require meticulous trial preparation and effective representation at trial. Our approach is simple. We first try to get your case dismissed. If that is not possible in your case, then we simultaneously try to get you the best plea offer while also preparing your case for trial so that you have the best options available to you when it comes time to make a decision on what to do. The philosophy at Doran Justice is to make sure that whatever circumstances led to your arrest never repeat themselves again – whether that be a wrongful arrest and error on the part of the police, addiction, mental illness, or hardships that have never been properly addressed. Whatever crime you are facing, whatever your circumstances are, Doran Justice can help.
Misdemeanor Crimes
There are three classes of misdemeanors in Arizona: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3. Misdemeanors can result in up to six months of jail time and up to $2,500 in fines. While less severe than felonies, it is important to seek legal help when charged with a misdemeanor.
Felony Crimes
There are six classes of felonies in Arizona: Class 1 (most severe) through Class 6 (least severe). When facing felony charges, you could be facing prison time, probation, a loss of your constitutional rights, fines, and much more. Felonies can affect your life forever. You need a criminal defense lawyer who can help you fight back.
*We have gone to trial on many felony charges, see here*
DUI
Operating a motor vehicle with a high blood alcohol level can seriously impair your ability. When you are facing a DUI criminal charge, contact us immediately for assistance.
Any driver who is found with alcohol levels of .15 or greater is facing enhanced penalties versus a standard DUI charge. Having a skilled criminal defense attorney on your side is crucial.
*We have gone to trial on extreme dui charges, see here*
Aggravated DUI
Drunk drivers who have been stopped with a minor child, with a suspended/revoked license, without a required interlock device, driving the wrong way, or who have had previous DUI convictions could be facing aggravated DUI charges.
*We have gone to trial on aggravated dui charges, see here*
Drug Crimes Possession
Drug addiction is a serious epidemic that affects millions of people in our country and prison cells do not solve the problem. Some cases may be eligible for Proposition 200, and others that involve dangerous drugs or methamphetamine may not. From simple marijuana possession charges to drug trafficking of illicit drugs, we can help.
Computer and internet crimes have been rising. Depending on the breadth of the charges you are facing, you could be facing misdemeanor or felony charges. Do not try to defend yourself against these charges.
Disorderly Conduct
Some believe if they have been arrested for disturbing the peace, loitering, or other disorderly conduct charges, they can defend themselves. This could be a mistake on your part. You should seek legal counsel from a criminal defense attorney if facing these charges, whether they are misdemeanor charges or felony charges.
*We have gone to trial on disorderly conduct charges, seehere*
Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is generally not a criminal charge, but more accurately, a label that attaches to another charge. For example, someone can be charged with assault for hitting a stranger, but someone could be charged with a domestic violence assault for hitting a spouse. Arizona domestic violence charges can be filed without the cooperation of the potential victim, and without their knowledge or permission. When you are facing these charges, it is imperative you seek the assistance of a criminal defense attorney.
When you are up against the FBI or the CIA, you could be facing charges in federal court. If you are charged with committing a crime across borders, on federal land, or against the federal government, you need an attorney who is licensed in Federal Court, who knows the rules, and who can help.
Hate Crimes
When a crime is committed against a group or person who falls into a protected class, the crime may include additional hate crime charges which could result in enhanced penalties.
Juvenile Crimes
Sometimes minors make mistakes, and, in some cases, they may be tried as an adult for a crime. Make sure if your young person has had a lapse in judgment, they have a lawyer available to help defend them.
Kidnapping / Unlawful Imprisonment
A common image that comes to mind when people think of kidnapping is tying someone up and trapping them in the trunk of a vehicle. While this certainly could be considered kidnapping, someone can also be charged with kidnapping for shutting a door and standing in front of the door to prevent someone else from leaving. Taking, holding, or moving a person against their will can be considered kidnapping depending on the circumstances. These crimes could rise to federal level crimes depending on whether the person was taken across state lines against their will. Regardless of the facts, having competent representation is crucial for kidnapping charges.
*We have gone to trial on kidnapping charges, see here*
Pre-File Investigations
Like many things in life, being proactive with criminal cases is better than being retroactive. If you believe you are being investigated for a crime or if you have had police contact, you should contact an attorney right away (before speaking to the police) even if there are no formal charges against you.
Probation Violations
If you have been charged and found guilty of a crime, you may be subject to certain restrictions and obligations upon being released. Failure to meet these obligations or failure to abide by these restrictions can lead to your probation being revoked. Probation revocations can result in prison, reinstatement, or dismissals so it is extremely important to have an advocate in your corner.
Property Crimes
Arson, burglary, robbery, and auto theft are examples of property crimes. Anyone facing a property crime charge needs a criminal defense attorney to defend them.
*We have gone to trial on property-related crimes, see here*
Resisting Arrest
Regardless of whether you think an officer is justified in placing you under arrest, you must comply with law enforcement or face a resisting arrest charge. People can be charged with resisting arrest for passive or active resistance. In some instances, officers can perceive resistance when someone is not resisting at all. Regardless of the situation, any time it is your word against a police officer’s word, you need an attorney to advocate for you.
Sex Crimes
Today’s world is a scary one because even being accused of a sex crime can result in being non-bondable prior to trial and a lifelong negative stigma. Society has a difficult job in trying to identify true sexual assault victims from people making false allegations for other reasons. Those who are convicted of a sex crime can face a lifetime of having their name in a sex offender registry which can have a serious impact on your ability to secure housing and potentially employment. A conviction may also result in steep fines, and long prison terms. Since sex-related crimes can often have little physical evidence, a common tactic the police will use are confrontation calls where they try to get an accused person to apologize or admit
Theft Crimes
We handle a broad range of theft crimes from petty theft, to grand theft auto, to fraudulent schemes, to identity theft. If you are facing any theft crime charges, contact us immediately.
Traffic Offenses
Speeding or running a red light may result in only a traffic citation. However, if you are facing a drunk driving, reckless driving, criminal speeding, or you are accused of causing harm to a person, you could also be facing criminal charges. Criminal charges are in addition to administrative penalties which could put your driving rights in jeopardy.
*We have gone to trial on traffic violations, see here*
Trespassing
When you enter private property without permission, you can be charged with misdemeanor trespassing. However, if you enter government-owned property these charges could be elevated to a felony offense.
Violent Crimes
Threatening to cause bodily harm, drawing a weapon upon a person, or using unwarranted force can result in your being arrested. Violent crimes are serious and can have a long-term impact on your life if you are convicted.
*We have gone to trial on violent crimes, see here*
Murder and Manslaughter
You are driving home from work and you are not paying attention to the road and lose control of your car resulting in the death of a pedestrian. You are probably facing a manslaughter charge. While murder also involves the death of a person, generally it is considered a premeditated act. Our firm has handled and can handle these serious criminal offenses.
*We have gone to trial on manslaughter charges, see here*
Weapon Crimes
It is quite common for people who have lost their gun rights to end up with new charges for misconduct involving weapons for being in possession of a gun by a prohibited possessor. This can happen when people are simply in the presence of guns even if they do not own the guns or have no knowledge of the guns. Additionally, any time you are charged with a crime and you are found in possession of any kind of a weapon, you will likely be facing an aggravated offense which carries more serious penalties. Something that people don’t typically realize is that vehicles are often considered weapons under the law. Regardless of the weapon, we can help.
*We have gone to trial on weapon charges, see here*
White Collar Crimes
In nearly all cases, white-collar crimes are non-violent. Usually, these crimes involve embezzlement, counterfeiting, or fraud. These can be tried in State Court or Federal Court.
If you or a loved one is facing any type of criminal charge, contact Doran Justice immediately for help. Never take these charges lightly because they can have an impact on your future.
Why Record Sealing Matters in Arizona Having a criminal record in Arizona can follow you long after you have completed your sentence. Employers, landlords, licensing boards, and even volunteer organizations often rely on background checks, which means an old conviction or dismissed charge can limit opportunities in ways that feel unfair and permanent. Arizona’s record sealing law changed that. Since 2023, many people now have a path to seal past criminal records and move forward without the weight of old mistakes holding them back. Record sealing is one of the most meaningful forms of relief available in Arizona because it restores privacy. When a record is sealed, it is hidden from public background checks, online court portals, and most third-party databases. While law enforcement and courts can still access the information, the public cannot. For anyone trying to rebuild their life, that distinction makes a measurable difference. This first section sets up the key question most people have: “Am I eligible?” Knowing whether a past misdemeanor, felony, or dismissed case can be sealed is the starting point. The rules are specific, the waiting periods differ by offense type, and certain crimes are automatically excluded. Understanding these requirements helps people avoid wasting time - and helps them see what options they truly have. Understanding Arizona’s Record Sealing Law (A.R.S. 13-911) Arizona’s record sealing law took effect in 2023 and created an entirely new form of relief for people with past criminal cases. Before this law existed, there was almost no meaningful way to hide or limit access to old records. Even dismissed charges or cases that ended in not guilty findings were still visible on background checks. The new statute changed this by allowing eligible individuals to seal records so they no longer appear in most public searches. Record sealing in Arizona is different from expungement. Expungement wipes a record out completely, while sealing places the record behind restricted access. The public cannot view it, background check companies cannot use it, and employers or landlords will not see it. The information still exists in court and law enforcement systems, but it is treated as confidential. For most people, record sealing provides the same practical benefits as expungement because it removes the record from the places that matter most. The law also applies broadly. It covers convictions, dismissed cases, not guilty verdicts, arrests that never led to charges, and cases where prosecutors declined to file. Each situation has different eligibility rules, but all can be sealed under the right circumstances. This makes the statute one of the most impactful criminal justice reforms in the state because it finally allows people to remove old barriers and access better opportunities. A key benefit of A.R.S. 13-911 is consistency. The law sets out clear waiting periods and requirements for different offense levels, giving people a predictable path forward. Instead of navigating patchwork rules or unclear procedures, individuals now have a structured legal process they can follow. Understanding how the statute works is an essential step before determining whether a record qualifies for sealing. Eligibility Requirements - Who Can Seal a Record in Arizona Eligibility for record sealing in Arizona is based on several factors that must all be met before a petition can be filed. The core requirement is that the individual has fully completed every part of the sentence imposed by the court. This includes jail or prison time, probation, fines, restitution, treatment programs, community service, and any other conditions ordered by the judge. The case must be entirely closed with no outstanding obligations. The person must also have no pending criminal charges. Arizona will not consider a petition if the individual is currently facing a new case or investigation. The law is designed to give relief to people who have moved past their old record and maintained a clean slate since their sentence ended. Once those baseline requirements are met, eligibility depends on the type of offense and the mandatory waiting period. Most misdemeanors can be sealed once the sentence is completed and the required time has passed. Many non-dangerous felonies are also eligible. Arizona focuses on rehabilitation and the idea that people who demonstrate good conduct over time should be able to put old mistakes behind them. Some offenses are excluded by statute, which means no amount of time or rehabilitation will make them eligible. These exclusions generally involve serious harm, violence, or significant risk to the public. Examples include certain dangerous crimes, violent crimes, some sex crimes, and offenses involving minors. A detailed list of exclusions appears in a later section. Another important part of eligibility is how multiple cases interact. If a person has more than one conviction, the waiting period does not simply run for each case separately. In many situations, the clock will not begin until the most recent sentence is completed. This can affect timing, but it does not automatically disqualify someone. Even individuals with several past cases may still qualify once enough time has passed. Overall, eligibility is determined by the nature of the offense, successful completion of the sentence, the absence of new criminal charges, and the specific waiting period for that offense level. Understanding these criteria helps people decide when to file and what to expect from the process. Arizona Waiting Periods - How Long You Must Wait After Your Case Ends Arizona sets specific waiting periods before someone can apply to seal a record. These timelines begin only after every part of the sentence is completed. That means the waiting period does not start when a judge pronounces the sentence. It starts when probation is finished, fines and restitution are paid, classes are completed, and all other conditions are closed. The waiting periods are tied to the severity of the offense. Lower-level offenses require shorter waits, while more serious felonies require longer ones. For most misdemeanor convictions, the waiting period is relatively short. Petty offenses and low-level misdemeanors typically fall at the lower end of the timeline, making sealing more accessible for people with minor records. Felony cases have longer requirements. Class 6 and class 5 felonies generally require a moderate waiting period, while class 4 and class 3 felonies require more time. The highest-level offenses, such as class 2 felonies, carry the longest waiting period. The law is structured so that people who demonstrate law-abiding behavior over a sustained period can still qualify even if their offense was more serious. Cases that did not result in a conviction are treated differently. If a case was dismissed, resulted in a not guilty verdict, or the prosecutor declined to file charges, the record is eligible for sealing as soon as the case is resolved. There is no waiting period for these situations because the person was never found guilty of a crime. It is also important to understand how multiple cases can affect the waiting period. If someone has several convictions over different years, the waiting period will normally begin after the most recent sentence is fully completed. The law focuses on continuous good conduct, so a newer conviction can delay the start of the waiting period for older cases. These timelines make record sealing predictable. Once a person knows their offense level and the date the sentence was completed, they can determine exactly when they will be eligible to file. This clarity is one of the reasons Arizona’s record sealing law is considered an important step toward fairness and rehabilitation. Crimes That Are Not Eligible for Record Sealing Although Arizona’s record sealing law is broad, it does not apply to every type of offense. The statute specifically excludes certain crimes because the legislature determined they present a higher level of public safety concern. These exclusions are strict. If an offense is listed as ineligible, the record cannot be sealed regardless of how much time has passed or how successful the person has been since the case ended. Serious violent offenses are among the most common exclusions. Crimes that involve the use or threat of serious physical harm are generally not eligible for sealing. This includes offenses classified as dangerous under Arizona law. Dangerous offenses typically involve a deadly weapon or conduct that created a substantial risk of death or serious injury. Because of the harm involved, these cases remain permanently accessible. Crimes involving minors are also excluded. This includes offenses where a child was the victim, as well as certain crimes related to child exploitation or endangerment. Arizona takes a strict approach to these cases, and the law does not allow them to be sealed even if the individual has lived crime-free for many years. Sex offenses are permanently ineligible as well. This applies across a wide range of charges, from sexual assault to indecent exposure in certain circumstances. The state considers these cases to carry lasting public safety implications, so they remain available to the public. Certain DUI offenses are excluded too. Standard misdemeanor DUIs may be eligible in some situations, but DUIs that involved serious injury often fall under the ineligible category. Many people are surprised by this distinction, so reviewing the exact DUI classification is important. Other exclusions include offenses that fall into special categories written directly into the statute. These may involve kidnapping, serious domestic violence crimes, or offenses with mandatory sentencing enhancements. If a crime is listed in the statutory exclusions, the court does not have discretion to override it. Understanding these limitations is important because they set clear boundaries around who can benefit from record sealing. While many people qualify under Arizona’s new law, those with excluded offenses will need to explore other types of post-conviction relief instead. Special Circumstances - When Eligibility May Change Some situations do not fit neatly into a single rule, and Arizona’s record sealing law accounts for these by allowing eligibility to shift depending on the details of a person’s history. These special circumstances can affect timing, eligibility, or the overall strength of a petition. Understanding them helps people avoid surprises when they file. Multiple convictions are one of the most common complications. When someone has more than one conviction on their record, the waiting period usually starts after the most recent sentence is fully completed. This means older cases may be eligible in theory, but the clock does not begin for any of them until all sentences across all cases are finished. Even with several convictions, people can still qualify for sealing, but the timing often changes. Probation violations can also affect eligibility. A violation does not automatically disqualify someone, but it can extend the time until the case is considered complete. Since the waiting period does not begin until probation ends successfully, any violation that lengthens probation will delay eligibility. Courts may also look more closely at the circumstances of the violation when deciding whether to grant the petition. Prior felony history can have an influence as well. While a single felony may be eligible after the required waiting period, multiple felonies may trigger longer timelines or require a stronger showing of rehabilitation. The law is still accessible to people with more complex histories, but the court will expect to see stability, consistency, and positive changes over time. Some people may have cases that were dismissed, resulted in a not guilty verdict, or were never charged. These cases are often eligible for immediate sealing, but complications can arise if the records are tied to a broader investigation or if multiple related charges were filed separately. In those situations, a court may need to review all associated records before granting relief. There are also rare cases where the classification of the offense changes eligibility. For example, a charge reduced from a dangerous offense to a non-dangerous offense at sentencing may become eligible even though the original allegation would not have been. The final conviction, not the initial charge, determines eligibility. These special circumstances highlight why many people benefit from legal guidance. The rules are clear, but the real-world details of someone’s criminal history can create unexpected variations that affect how and when they qualify. Benefits of Sealing Your Record in Arizona Sealing a criminal record in Arizona offers practical, everyday advantages that can significantly improve someone’s quality of life. Although the information remains accessible to courts and law enforcement, it is removed from public access, which is what matters most for employment, housing, and personal privacy. For many people, sealing a record is the key to finally moving forward without old mistakes limiting their opportunities. Employment is often the biggest benefit. Many employers run background checks as part of the hiring process, and even a minor or very old conviction can influence their decision. When a record is sealed, it no longer appears in these searches, which makes it far easier to qualify for jobs that were previously out of reach. This is especially important for people entering licensed professions or fields that require trust and clear backgrounds. Housing opportunities also expand. Landlords frequently use background checks when deciding whether to rent to someone. A sealed record allows applicants to be judged on their current circumstances instead of their past. For families trying to secure stable housing or individuals trying to rebuild their independence, this change can make a major difference. Professional and occupational licenses are another area where sealing helps. Boards for fields such as healthcare, real estate, cosmetology, and financial services often consider criminal histories when granting or renewing licenses. While some boards may still ask about certain convictions, sealed records reduce barriers and can improve eligibility. Personal privacy is an important benefit as well. Many third-party websites and data brokers collect and publish criminal records, making them easy to find online. When a record is sealed, companies are required to remove it from their databases once they update their listings. This prevents old cases from resurfacing during online searches and helps individuals restore their reputation. Finally, sealing a record offers a sense of closure. The legal system recognizes that people can change, and Arizona’s law reflects that belief. When someone seals a record, it marks a clear point where their past no longer defines their future. This emotional and psychological relief can be just as important as the practical benefits, giving people the confidence and freedom to rebuild their lives. How to Apply - The Record Sealing Process in Arizona The process of sealing a criminal record in Arizona is designed to be accessible, but it still requires careful preparation. Every petition must show that the individual meets the eligibility requirements and that the waiting period has fully passed. Because each county has slightly different expectations for formatting and supporting documents, it is important to approach the process with a clear plan. The first step is gathering all case information. This includes the case number, sentencing documents, proof that all fines and restitution were paid, and any paperwork showing the completion of classes, treatment programs, or community service. Courts will not move forward unless the sentence is fully completed, so having accurate records is essential. Once the documentation is collected, the next step is completing the petition. Arizona courts provide standardized forms for record sealing under A.R.S. 13-911, but the petitioner must fill them out carefully and attach supporting evidence. The petition will ask for the offense level, the date of final sentence completion, and a statement explaining why sealing is appropriate. In some counties, the form must also list all related charges or case numbers, even those that were dismissed. After the petition is filed, the prosecutor’s office has the opportunity to review it and either agree, object, or request a hearing. If the prosecutor objects, the court may require additional information or schedule a hearing where both sides can present their arguments. If the prosecutor does not object, many judges will decide the petition based on the written materials alone. If a hearing is scheduled, the judge will consider factors such as the nature of the offense, the individual’s conduct since the case ended, community involvement, and overall rehabilitation. This is the petitioner’s chance to explain why sealing the record serves justice and supports their ability to move forward. Judges often give significant weight to good behavior, steady employment, and community contributions. Once the judge makes a decision, the court will issue an order either granting or denying the petition. If approved, the court notifies law enforcement agencies and the Arizona Department of Public Safety so that the record can be removed from public access. Background check companies update their information over time, which means the benefits of sealing become more visible as databases refresh. While the process can be completed without a lawyer, many people choose to work with an attorney to avoid mistakes, strengthen the petition, and ensure all paperwork is complete. This is especially helpful in cases involving multiple convictions, borderline eligibility issues, or past probation violations. When to Contact a Criminal Defense Lawyer Although Arizona’s record sealing law is meant to be accessible, many people find that a lawyer can make a meaningful difference in the outcome. Eligibility rules may seem straightforward at first, but real-world criminal histories often include multiple cases, probation extensions, overlapping timelines, or old files that are hard to locate. An attorney can review the full record, identify any risks, and make sure the petition is filed correctly the first time. A lawyer is especially helpful when there are special circumstances. Multiple convictions, probation violations, or older felony cases can require strategic planning to show the court that you have fully rehabilitated and that sealing the record is appropriate. When a case involves an offense close to the statutory exclusions, legal guidance becomes even more important so the petition does not get denied due to technical details or incomplete information. Representation also matters if the prosecutor objects. An objection does not mean the petition will fail, but it does mean the court is likely to schedule a hearing. A lawyer can prepare evidence, write legal arguments, present your progress to the judge, and address any concerns raised by the prosecution. This can significantly increase the likelihood of a favorable outcome. An attorney can also manage the administrative side of the process. Some courts require supplemental documents, certified copies, or formatted filings that must follow county-specific rules. Missing even one piece of paperwork can delay the petition by months. A lawyer ensures deadlines are met, filings are complete, and the court receives the strongest possible submission. Finally, hiring a lawyer gives peace of mind. Record sealing can change someone’s future, and it is often a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Having professional guidance helps avoid mistakes and gives people confidence that they are taking the right steps to reclaim privacy and expand their opportunities. For anyone unsure about their eligibility, dealing with complicated circumstances, or wanting the best possible chance of success, speaking with a criminal defense attorney is a smart step. Doran Justice can review the details, build a strong petition, and guide clients through every part of the process. FAQ - Arizona Record Sealing Eligibility Requirements Can I seal a misdemeanor in Arizona? Yes. Most misdemeanors are eligible for record sealing once the sentence is fully completed and the required waiting period has passed. Minor offenses often have shorter timelines, which makes them some of the easiest cases to seal. Are felony convictions eligible for record sealing? Many non-dangerous felonies can be sealed after the appropriate waiting period. The offense level determines how long you must wait, and class 2 felonies require the longest timeline. Dangerous felonies, violent crimes, and offenses involving serious harm are not eligible. Can DUI convictions be sealed? Some DUI convictions may qualify, but many DUIs that involved injuries are excluded by statute. The specific DUI classification is important, so it should be reviewed carefully. What if I had multiple cases? You may still qualify. The waiting period usually begins after the most recent sentence in your most recent case is completed. Older cases can still be sealed once the full waiting period has run from that date. Can I seal a record that was dismissed or resulted in a not guilty verdict? Yes. These cases are some of the easiest to seal. There is no waiting period, and you can file a petition as soon as the case is resolved. How long does the court take to decide? Timelines vary by county, but most decisions take a few months. If the prosecutor objects, the process can take longer because the court may schedule a hearing. Do sealed records ever reopen? For the public, no. A sealed record is removed from general access and from most background checks. Law enforcement and courts can still view the record if necessary, but it remains hidden from employers, landlords, and the public. Does sealing restore my civil rights? Not necessarily. Record sealing affects public access to your record but does not automatically restore rights such as firearm possession or voting in certain cases. Those issues must be handled through separate legal processes.
When someone is arrested or learns they’re being investigated, one of the first questions they ask is whether the charge is a misdemeanor or a felony. In Arizona, that distinction matters a lot. It determines not only the possible jail or prison time, but also what court your case goes to, how prosecutors handle your file, what rights you could lose, and how the conviction will follow you long after the case is over. A misdemeanor is generally considered a less serious crime, though the consequences can still disrupt your life, career, and finances. A felony is far more severe. Felony convictions can mean years in prison, mandatory sentencing rules, and the loss of civil rights like voting and firearm ownership. The classification of the charge also affects plea options, background checks, and even your ability to travel or maintain professional licenses. Arizona uses a clear classification system to separate misdemeanors and felonies into different classes, each with its own range of penalties. Understanding where your charge falls on that scale is essential for protecting your freedom and your future. And because even a “minor” charge can escalate quickly without the right defense, getting legal help early can make all the difference. What Counts as a Misdemeanor in Arizona Under Arizona law, a misdemeanor is a criminal offense that carries a maximum penalty of up to six months in jail , along with possible fines, probation, community service, treatment programs, or classes. These charges are handled in Municipal Courts or Justice Courts, depending on where the offense happened. While misdemeanors are less serious than felonies, they still carry lasting consequences and should never be taken lightly. Arizona divides misdemeanors into three classes : Class 1 misdemeanor – the most serious level, punishable by up to 6 months in jail. Common examples include DUIs (first offense), assault without serious injury, shoplifting under the felony threshold, domestic violence incidents, and criminal damage. Class 2 misdemeanor – punishable by up to 4 months in jail. These may include reckless driving, some types of trespasses, or certain traffic-related offenses. Class 3 misdemeanor – the least severe type, punishable by up to 30 days in jail. Examples include minor driving violations, trespassing in the third degree, and some low-level alcohol violations. Even though the jail ranges are shorter, a misdemeanor conviction can still increase insurance rates, create employment issues, appear on background checks, and affect immigration status. Many people assume they can “just pay a fine,” but doing so usually counts as a conviction. Once it’s on your record, it may be very difficult to undo without a strategic defense from the start. What Counts as a Felony in Arizona A felony in Arizona is a criminal offense considered serious enough to expose a person to state prison , not just county jail. Felonies carry longer sentences, steeper fines, mandatory penalties in many cases, and life-impacting consequences that continue long after a sentence is served. Arizona separates felonies into six classes , ranging from Class 6 (least severe) to Class 1 (most severe). Class 1 felonies include only first-degree and second-degree murder. Everything else – from aggravated assault to drug possession to white-collar crimes – falls somewhere within Classes 2 through 6. Here’s how the classes generally break down: Class 1 felony – Reserved for the most serious offenses, primarily murder. Penalties can include life imprisonment or the death penalty. Class 2 felony – Extremely serious crimes such as certain types of violent assault, kidnapping, armed robbery, or high-level drug offenses. Prison sentences often start at several years and can increase sharply with aggravating factors. Class 3 felony – Includes aggravated assault, burglary in the second degree, certain firearm offenses, and various fraud and theft cases. Class 4 felony – Common mid-level felonies like aggravated DUI, possession of some controlled substances, forgery, or criminal damage with high monetary loss. Class 5 felony – Often covers more specialized offenses, including certain assaults, animal cruelty, or niche fraud-related crimes. Class 6 felony – The least severe felony category, covering lower-level drug possession, theft around the felony threshold, and some domestic violence–related offenses. These can sometimes be reduced to misdemeanors with the right defense. Felony sentencing depends heavily on prior convictions, “dangerousness” (use of a weapon or serious injury), whether the offense involved domestic violence, and whether the offense falls under Arizona’s mandatory sentencing laws. Even first-time felony offenders can face prison time, and prosecutors often treat felony cases far more aggressively than misdemeanors. Because of how complex and high-stakes felony cases are, having a defense attorney early in the process can shape the outcome dramatically, including whether charges get reduced, dismissed, or diverted into alternative programs. Key Differences Between Misdemeanors and Felonies While both misdemeanors and felonies can affect your life, the practical and legal differences between them in Arizona are significant. Understanding these differences helps you know what’s at stake and why strong legal representation is essential. Jail vs. Prison Misdemeanors: Punishable by jail time in a county facility, up to a maximum of six months. Felonies: Punishable by state prison , with sentences that can range from several months to decades depending on the class and circumstances. Court Process Misdemeanors: Handled in Municipal Courts or Justice Courts . The process is relatively fast and often resolved through negotiations. Felonies: Always handled in Superior Court , with more formal procedures, pre-trial hearings, extensive disclosure, and stricter rules surrounding evidence. Sentencing Ranges Felonies have lengthy, structured sentencing guidelines. Aggravated factors (like using a weapon) can push the sentence much higher. Misdemeanors have shorter, capped sentencing ranges with more flexibility for alternatives like diversion or suspended sentences. Impact on Civil Rights Felony convictions can lead to the loss of: Voting rights The right to possess or purchase firearms Eligibility for certain professional licenses Federal benefits in certain cases Misdemeanors typically do not remove civil rights, unless they are misdemeanore domestic violence convictions, though they can still create issues in employment or immigration. Background Checks A misdemeanor conviction may appear on job screenings but is often viewed as a lower-risk offense. A felony conviction can heavily restrict employment, housing, financing, security clearances, and travel opportunities. Long-Term Consequences Felonies have far more lasting consequences, including harsher penalties for any future charges. Misdemeanors can still affect a person’s life but generally allow more room for rehabilitation and sealing options. Long-Term Consequences The immediate penalties for a misdemeanor or felony matter, but the long-term consequences often shape someone’s future far more than any jail or prison sentence. Arizona law treats felony convictions especially harshly, and many people don’t realize the ripple effects until it’s too late. Civil Rights Loss (Felonies) A felony conviction can result in losing: The right to vote The right to serve on a jury The right to possess or own firearms Certain federal benefits in limited situations Some rights can be restored, but the process is not automatic, and the court may require a waiting period. Repeat offenders often face stricter restoration rules. Employment and Career Impact Both misdemeanors and felonies appear on background checks, but felonies carry a much heavier stigma. Employers in fields like healthcare, education, finance, government contracting, and transportation may disqualify applicants with felony records entirely. Even a misdemeanor - especially those involving domestic violence, theft, or DUI - can restrict job options or professional licensing. Housing and Financial Effects Felony convictions can make it harder to: Rent an apartment Secure a home loan Qualify for certain government programs Landlords often run nationwide background checks and may decline applicants with criminal records. Immigration Consequences For non-citizens: A misdemeanor involving domestic violence or moral turpitude can trigger immigration action. Many felonies are considered “deportable offenses.” In some cases, a plea deal that seems minor under state law can have severe federal immigration consequences. Future Sentencing A prior conviction can elevate future charges and increase the sentencing range. For example: A Class 6 felony today could turn a later accusation into a “repeat offender” situation with mandatory prison. Prior domestic violence misdemeanors can convert a new case into a felony. In other words: your first case sets the stage for how the court treats you down the road. Can Charges Be Reduced or Dismissed? A key part of criminal defense in Arizona is understanding how charges can be lowered, dismissed, or diverted into alternative programs. Both misdemeanors and felonies offer opportunities for reduction, but the strategy depends heavily on the facts of the case, the prosecutor’s stance, and the defendant’s history. Misdemeanor Reductions Many misdemeanor cases can be resolved through: Diversion programs that result in a dismissal once conditions are met Deferred sentencing Negotiated pleas to a lesser charge Civil compromise in some property-related offenses These options can help clients avoid a conviction entirely. Felony Reductions Felony cases are more complex, but reductions are absolutely possible. Common paths include: Pleading a felony down to a misdemeanor Class 6 felonies are the most likely to be reduced. Some cases can be designated as misdemeanors even after probation is completed. Undesignated offenses (“open felonies”) The court places the defendant on probation. If they complete conditions successfully, the offense can later be designated a misdemeanor. If they fail, it can be designated a felony. Challenging evidence Illegally obtained evidence can be suppressed. Weak or unreliable testimony can be attacked. These issues can persuade prosecutors to accept a lower-level plea. Proving lack of intent or insufficient evidence If the State can’t prove every element of the charge, dismissals and significant reductions can occur. Alternative Sentencing Instead of jail or prison, some defendants qualify for: Treatment programs Probation House arrest Community service Counseling (DV, anger management, substance use) The availability of these options differs widely between misdemeanors and felonies, and across different counties in Arizona. A skilled lawyer knows how to identify every possible path to minimize the consequences — or eliminate the charge entirely. How a Defense Lawyer Can Help Whether someone is facing a misdemeanor or a felony, the right defense attorney often makes the single biggest difference in how the case ends. Arizona’s criminal laws are complex, and prosecutors typically start from a position that favors harsh penalties, even for first-time offenders. An experienced defense lawyer levels that playing field. Early Intervention The earlier a lawyer gets involved, the more options a person has. Before charges are even filed, an attorney can: Communicate directly with detectives Provide evidence or explanations that change how charges are classified Stop a weak case from moving forward Prevent a felony from being filed in the first place Once charges are filed, the strategy shifts to minimizing the damage through negotiation and evidence challenges. Challenging Evidence Police and prosecutors must follow strict rules. Violations can get key evidence thrown out. A defense lawyer will examine: Whether the stop or arrest was legal How statements were taken Whether a search was valid Whether lab results or forensic evidence are reliable Whether witnesses are credible Whether the prosecution can prove intent When evidence gets suppressed or discredited, the entire case can collapse, which often leads to dismissals or substantial reductions. Negotiating Reductions Many defendants don’t realize that the initial charge is just a starting point. Prosecutors often have room to: Lower felony charges to misdemeanors Offer diversion or deferred sentencing Remove dangerousness designations Reduce jail or prison exposure A skilled defense lawyer knows how to use the weaknesses in the State’s case to push for better outcomes. Court Representation Trials and hearings follow formal rules that most people don’t understand. A defense attorney: Files motions Challenges evidence Cross-examines witnesses Negotiates with prosecutors Protects the client’s rights Even when a case can’t be dismissed, strong representation can prevent unnecessary jail or prison time and protect the client’s record as much as possible. When You Should Contact Doran Justice Many people wait too long to get legal help, often because they hope a misunderstanding will clear itself up. Unfortunately, the criminal justice system doesn’t work that way. The moment you believe you may be accused of a crime - or the moment law enforcement contacts you - is the moment you should call Doran Justice. Situations Where You Need Immediate Help You should contact Doran Justice right away if: You’ve been arrested for any misdemeanor or felony You received a summons or citation requiring a court appearance Police want to question you You learned you’re under investigation You think charges might be filed soon You’ve been served with an indictment You are facing a probation violation Quick action can prevent charges from escalating and protect your rights from the start. Common Client Misunderstandings Many people mistakenly believe: “It’s just a misdemeanor, so it’s not a big deal.” “If I tell the police everything, they’ll understand.” “If I haven’t done anything wrong, I don’t need a lawyer.” “The case will go away if I ignore it long enough.” These assumptions often lead to avoidable convictions, harsher penalties, or missed opportunities for dismissal. Why Choose Doran Justice Doran Justice handles both misdemeanors and felonies across Arizona and understands how each charge type impacts someone’s life. Clients trust the firm because it provides: Strategic early intervention Tough negotiation with prosecutors Deep familiarity with Arizona’s criminal courts Clear communication and practical guidance A results-driven approach focused on protecting your future The goal is not just to defend the case in front of you - it’s to protect your freedom, your rights, and the life you want to move forward with. A Practical Next Step If you or someone you know is facing criminal charges in Arizona, reaching out early gives you the best possible chance at a good result. A short consultation can help you understand your options, identify defenses, and take control of the situation before it gets worse. FAQs: Misdemeanor vs Felony in Arizona What is the main difference between a misdemeanor and a felony in Arizona? A misdemeanor is a less severe criminal offense punishable by up to 6 months in jail , while a felony is a more serious offense that can result in state prison time , loss of civil rights, and long-term consequences. How many classes of misdemeanors are there in Arizona? Arizona has three classes of misdemeanors : Class 1 (most serious), Class 2, and Class 3 (least serious). How many classes of felonies are there in Arizona? Arizona has six felony classes , from Class 1 (most severe, including murder) to Class 6 (least severe but still potentially resulting in prison). Can a felony be reduced to a misdemeanor? Yes. Certain felonies - especially Class 6 felonies - can be reduced to misdemeanors through plea negotiations or after completing probation on an “undesignated” offense. Do misdemeanors go on your permanent record? Yes. A misdemeanor conviction appears on your criminal record and can affect employment, housing, and immigration status unless dismissed or expunged under specific circumstances. Can you go to jail for a misdemeanor in Arizona? Yes. Class 1 misdemeanors can carry up to 6 months in jail , though many cases resolve with probation or alternative sentencing. What rights do you lose if convicted of a felony? Felony convictions may result in losing the right to vote, own firearms, hold public office, serve on a jury, or hold certain professional licenses. Some rights may be restored after sentencing is completed. How does sentencing differ between misdemeanors and felonies? Misdemeanors have short, capped jail sentences. Felonies involve much longer sentences, mandatory minimums, and structured ranges based on aggravating or mitigating factors. Is jail the same as prison in Arizona? No. Jail = county facility for misdemeanors (short-term). Prison = state facility for felonies (long-term). Do you need a lawyer for a misdemeanor? Yes. Even though misdemeanors are lower-level offenses, a conviction can still affect your job, record, and future. A lawyer can help avoid unnecessary penalties or a permanent conviction. What should I do if I’m being investigated for a felony? Contact a defense lawyer immediately . Early intervention can stop charges from being filed or reduce the severity of the case. Can a misdemeanor turn into a felony? Sometimes. Certain cases - especially involving domestic violence, theft, or repeated offenses - can be charged as felonies depending on circumstances, monetary thresholds, or prior convictions. What is an undesignated offense? Also known as an “open” felony, this is an offense that can be treated as a Class 6 felony or a misdemeanor depending on how you complete probation. Successful completion may allow it to be designated a misdemeanor. Will a misdemeanor or felony affect immigration status? Possibly. Crimes involving domestic violence, theft, moral turpitude, or certain drug offenses can lead to deportation or denial of immigration benefits. Felonies are especially serious for non-citizens.
Disclaimer: The information on Doran Justice, PLLC's website is generally limited only to Arizona law or to the state of the law generally as it exists throughout the United States of America. Do not act or rely upon any of the resources and information available from Doran Justice without seeking specific legal advice for your situation. This information is designed for general information only. The information presented also does not create the formation of an attorney/client relationship. The resources that can be accessed with hypertext links from Doran Justice are not maintained, nor periodically reviewed for accuracy and currentness, by the firm. Be sure to consult with a lawyer before relying on any of the information on this website or on the hypertext links. Past results and testimonials are not a guarantee, warranty, or prediction of the outcome of your specific case, and should not be construed as such. Any result in a single case is not meant to create an expectation of similar results in future matters because each case involves many different factors and the results will differ on a case-by-case basis. By providing certain contact information herein, you are expressly authorizing Doran Justice to contact you via the methods of communication provided.
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